The Maltese is one of the world’s oldest and most loved toy breeds. These tiny white companions have been warming laps for thousands of years, from the ancient Mediterranean to modern homes across Australia. If you are lucky enough to share your life with one, you likely have one big question: how long do Maltese live?
On average, Maltese dogs live between 12 and 15 years. Because they are a small breed, they generally enjoy longer lifespans than larger dogs. With high quality nutrition, regular vet checkups, and a focus on dental care, many Maltese live to 17 or 18 years, and some even reach their 20s.
In this guide, we explore the typical life expectancy of a Maltese in Australia, the factors that influence their longevity, and what you can do to help your companion enjoy as many healthy years as possible.
Average Life Expectancy of a Maltese in Australia
While the standard range is 12 to 15 years, recent data provides even more specific insights. A 2024 UK study found the average life expectancy for the breed to be 13.1 years. This places them comfortably above the average for many other purebred dogs.
In Australia, Maltese and Maltese mixes (like the popular Maltese Shih Tzu) are consistently among the most popular breeds. Their small size is a major factor in their longevity. Smaller dogs age more slowly than larger breeds, which often face greater physical strain on their hearts and joints as they grow. Female Maltese also tend to live slightly longer than males, often by about a year.
Factors That Influence Your Maltese’s Lifespan
While genetics play a role, several lifestyle factors significantly impact how long a Maltese lives. Proactive care can add years to their life.
Genetics and Breeding
Longevity begins with the breeder. Reputable breeders screen for hereditary conditions like patellar luxation and heart issues. If you are adopting, knowing the health history of the parents can provide clues about your dog’s future health, but it is not a guarantee. Even dogs with a challenging start can thrive with the right care.
Diet and Nutrition
What goes into the bowl matters. Maltese are prone to weight gain, and even a small amount of excess weight can put stress on their tiny frames and organs. A diet rich in high quality proteins and healthy fats, without unnecessary fillers, supports immune function and organ health. Monitoring portion sizes is essential for this toy breed.
The Critical Link: Dental Health
Dental health is perhaps the most overlooked factor in Maltese longevity. Because their mouths are small, their teeth are often crowded, making them highly susceptible to plaque and tartar buildup. If left untreated, dental disease can lead to bacteria entering the bloodstream, which can damage the heart and kidneys. Regular brushing and professional dental cleans are vital for a long life.
Exercise and Weight Management
A Maltese does not need miles of running, but daily walks and mental stimulation keep their heart healthy and their weight in check. Obesity is a major contributor to reduced lifespan in toy breeds, as it exacerbates joint issues and increases the risk of metabolic diseases.
Common Health Challenges (and How to Spot Them)
Being aware of breed specific health risks allows you to catch issues early. Here are the most common challenges for Maltese:
- Mitral Valve Disease (MVD): This is a type of heart failure common in older Maltese. It occurs when a heart valve weakens and no longer closes tightly. Early signs include a cough or reduced energy during walks.
- Patellar Luxation: This is a condition where the kneecap slips out of place. It is common in small breeds and can lead to arthritis if not managed properly.
- Portosystemic Shunt (Liver Shunt): A circulatory issue where blood bypasses the liver. Signs can include stunted growth or unusual behaviour after eating.
Regular vet visits, at least once a year for adults and twice a year for seniors, are the best way to monitor these conditions.
The Senior Years: Caring for an Older Maltese
A Maltese is typically considered a senior around 8 or 9 years old. At this stage, their needs begin to change. You might notice they sleep more or are less enthusiastic about jumping onto the sofa. To support them through their golden years, consider:
- Frequent Vet Checks: Senior dogs benefit from more regular blood tests and physical exams to catch age related changes early.
- Joint Support: Supplements or diets enriched with omega-3 fatty acids can help maintain mobility.
- Comfort Adjustments: Providing steps for the bed or sofa can prevent injury to their aging joints.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Maltese Longevity
Can a Maltese live to 20?
Yes, while rare, it is possible. Reaching 20 requires a combination of excellent genetics, luck, and meticulous care throughout their life.
Do females live longer?
Statistics suggest that female Maltese often live about one year longer than males on average.
What is the most common cause of death?
In their senior years, heart failure (often related to Mitral Valve Disease) and cancer are leading causes of death for the breed.
Conclusion
A Maltese is more than just a pet; they are a long term companion. While you cannot control every aspect of their health, focusing on high quality nutrition, weight management, and especially dental care can significantly increase their chances of a long, happy life. By being a proactive "sidekick" to your "hero" dog, you can ensure they stay by your side for as many years as possible.
Before you go, take our free Health Assessment to discover a personalised wellness plan for your hero.
For more information on keeping your Maltese healthy, visit our Maltese guide or explore our full range of proactive pet wellness resources.
